Biology

Covers topics seen in a first year college or high school biology course.

Lectures

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   Lecture 1 - Introduction to Evolution, Variation in a Population and Natural Selection

   Introduction to evolution, variation in a population and natural selection.

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   Lecture 2 - Arguments for Intelligent Design and Evolution

   The argument that evolution speaks to being the most "intelligent design".

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   Lecture 3 - Clarifying Points on Evolution

   Clarifying some points on evolution and intelligent design.

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   Lecture 4 - The Owl Butterfly: Natural Selection

   How the "Owl Butterfly" may have gotten the spot on its wings.

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   Lecture 5 - DNA: Introduction

   An introduction to DNA.

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   Lecture 6 - How Variation in a Species Can Be Introduced

   How variation can be introduced into a species.

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   Lecture 7 - DNA: Chromosomes, Chromatides, Chromatin, etc.

   The vocabulary of DNA: chromosomes, chromatids, chromatin, transcription, translation, and replication.

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   Lecture 8 - Understanding Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction

   Mitosis, meiosis and sexual reproduction. Understanding gametes, zygotes, and haploid / diploid numbers.

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   Lecture 9 - Mitosis

   Explanation of the phases of mitosis.

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    Lecture 10 - Meiosis

    The phases of Meiosis.

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    Lecture 11 - Embryonic Stem Cells: Early Development

    An overview of early development of a zygote to an embryo. Embryonic and somatic stem cells.

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    Lecture 12 - Cancer: Broken DNA Replication

    An introduction to what cancer is and how it is the by-product of broken DNA replication.

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    Lecture 13 - Heredity: Genetics and Traits

    Heredity and Classical Genetics. Dominant and recessive traits. Heterozygous and homozygous genotypes.

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    Lecture 14 - Punnet Square Fun Overview

    Dihybrid crosses. Independent assortment. Incomplete dominance. Codominance and multiple alleles.

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    Lecture 15 - Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

    Understanding allele and genotype frequency in population in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.

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    Lecture 16 - Gender: Sex Linked Traits

    Chromosomal basis for gender. Sex-linked traits.

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    Lecture 17 - Bacteria Introduction

    Introduction to bacteria.

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    Lecture 18 - Viruses Introduction

    Introduction to viruses.

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    Lecture 19 - Adenosine Triphosphate: ATP Introduction

    Introduction to ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate.

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    Lecture 20 - Cellular Respiration

    Introduction to cellular respiration, glycolysis, the Kreb's Cycle, and the electron transport chain.

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    Lecture 21 - Oxidation and Reduction Overview

    Taking a looking at oxidation and reduction in a biological context.

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    Lecture 22 - Introduction to Oxidation and Reduction in Cellular Respiration

    Oxidation and reduction in cellular respiration. Reconciling the biology and chemistry definitions of oxidation and reduction.

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    Lecture 23 - Glycolysis Introduction

    Overview of glycolysis.

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    Lecture 24 - Krebs and the Citric Acid Cycle

    Overview of the Krebs or Citric Acid Cycle.

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    Lecture 25 - Electron Transport Chain

    Overview of the Electron Transport Chain.

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    Lecture 26 - Oxidative Phosphorylation and Chemiosmosis

    Oxidative Phosphorylation and Chemiosmosis (along with slight correction of previous video).

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    Lecture 27 - Photosynthesis

    Overview of photosythesis.

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    Lecture 28 - Photosynthesis: Details of Light Reactions

    Details on the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

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    Lecture 29 - Calvin Cycle or the Light-independent Reactions of Photosythesis

    More detail on the light reactions and photophorylation.

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    Lecture 30 - Calvin Cycle and Photorespiration Part 2

    The Calvin Cycle or the light-independent (dark) reactions of photosythesis.

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    Lecture 31 - C-4 Photosynthesis: How Some Plants Avoid Photorespiration

    C-4 Photosynthesis: How some plants avoid photorespiration.

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    Lecture 32 - CAM Plants

    How CAM Plants are able to fix carbon at night so they don't have to keep their stomata open during the day.

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    Lecture 33 - Cell Parts

    Parts of a cell: nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuoles, and vesicles.

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    Lecture 34 - Diffusion and Osmosis

    Diffusion and Osmosis.

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    Lecture 35 - The Lungs and Pulmonary System

    The pulmonary system including the lungs, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and thoracic diaphragm.

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    Lecture 36 - Red Blood Cells: Oxygen Uptake by Hemoglobin

    Oxygen uptake by hemoglobin in red blood cells.

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    Lecture 37 - Circulatory System and the Heart

    Introduction to the circulatory system and the heart.

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    Lecture 38 - Hemoglobin

    Hemoglobin and its role in the circulatory system.

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    Lecture 39 - Neuron: Anatomy

    Introduction to the neuron and its anatomy.

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    Lecture 40 - Sodium Potassium Pump

    How a sodium potassium pump can maintain a voltage gradient across a cell or neuron's membrane.

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    Lecture 41 - Electronic and Action Potentials

    Correction to Sodium and Potassium Pump Video.

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    Lecture 42 - Saltatory Conduction in a Neuron

    How electrotonic and action potentials propagate down cells.

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    Lecture 43 - Neuronal Synapsis (Chemical)

    How one neuron can stimulate (or inhibit) another neuron at a chemical synapse.

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    Lecture 44 - Myosin and Actin

    How myosin and actin interact to produce mechanical force.

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    Lecture 45 - Tropomyosin and Troponin

    Tropomyosin and troponin and their role in regulating muscle contraction. How calcium ion concentration dictates whether a muscle is contracting or not.

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    Lecture 46 - Role of the Sarcoplasmic

    The role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in controlling calcium ion concentrations within the muscle cell.

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    Lecture 47 - Muscle Cell Structure

    Understanding the structure of a muscle cell.

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    Lecture 48 - Role of Phagocytes in Innate or Nonspecific Immunity

    Role of phagocytes in innate or nonspecific immunity. Neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. MHC II.

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    Lecture 49 - Innate and Adaptive Humoral vs. Cell-Mediated Immune Responses

    Overview of types of immune responses. Difference between innate and adaptive immunity. Differences between humoral adaptive immunity and cell-mediated adaptive immunity.

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    Lecture 50 - B Cells: B Lymphocytes

    Overview of B cells (B lymphocytes) and how they are activated and produce antibodies.

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    Lecture 51 - Professional Antigen Presenting Cells (APC) and MHC II Complexes

    How professional antigen presenting cells present parts of engulfed pathogens on MHC II complexes (major histocompatibility complexes).

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    Lecture 52 - Helper T Cells: Activating B Cells

    Introduction to helper T cells and their role in activating B cells.

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    Lecture 53 - Cytotoxic T Cells: Activation by MHC-Vantigen Complexes

    How cytotoxic T cells get activated by MHC-I/antigen complexes and then proceed to kill infected cells.

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    Lecture 54 - Review of B Cells, CD4+ T Cells and CD8+ T Cells

    Review of B cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells.

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    Lecture 55 - Inflammatory Response

    Overview of the inflammatory response.

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    Lecture 56 - Kidney Function

    Overview of how the nephrons in the kidney filter blood and reabsorb water and other molecules.

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    Lecture 57 - Secondary Active Transport in the Nephron

    Secondary Active Transport in the Nephron.