Introduction to evolution, variation in a population and natural selection.
Course
Biology
Covers topics seen in a first year college or high school biology course.
57 Lectures
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The argument that evolution speaks to being the most "intelligent design".
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Clarifying some points on evolution and intelligent design.
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How the "Owl Butterfly" may have gotten the spot on its wings.
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An introduction to DNA.
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How variation can be introduced into a species.
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The vocabulary of DNA: chromosomes, chromatids, chromatin, transcription, translation, and replication.
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Mitosis, meiosis and sexual reproduction. Understanding gametes, zygotes, and haploid / diploid numbers.
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Explanation of the phases of mitosis.
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The phases of Meiosis.
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An overview of early development of a zygote to an embryo. Embryonic and somatic stem cells.
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Heredity and Classical Genetics. Dominant and recessive traits. Heterozygous and homozygous genotypes.
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Dihybrid crosses. Independent assortment. Incomplete dominance. Codominance and multiple alleles.
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Understanding allele and genotype frequency in population in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.
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Chromosomal basis for gender. Sex-linked traits.
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Introduction to bacteria.
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Introduction to viruses.
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Introduction to ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate.
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Introduction to cellular respiration, glycolysis, the Kreb's Cycle, and the electron transport chain.
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Taking a looking at oxidation and reduction in a biological context.
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Oxidation and reduction in cellular respiration. Reconciling the biology and chemistry definitions of oxidation and reduction.
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Overview of glycolysis.
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Overview of the Krebs or Citric Acid Cycle.
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Overview of the Electron Transport Chain.
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Oxidative Phosphorylation and Chemiosmosis (along with slight correction of previous video).
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Overview of photosythesis.
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Details on the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
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More detail on the light reactions and photophorylation.
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The Calvin Cycle or the light-independent (dark) reactions of photosythesis.
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C-4 Photosynthesis: How some plants avoid photorespiration.
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How CAM Plants are able to fix carbon at night so they don't have to keep their stomata open during the day.
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Parts of a cell: nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuoles, and vesicles.
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Diffusion and Osmosis.
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The pulmonary system including the lungs, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and thoracic diaphragm.
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Oxygen uptake by hemoglobin in red blood cells.
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Introduction to the circulatory system and the heart.
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Hemoglobin and its role in the circulatory system.
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Introduction to the neuron and its anatomy.
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How a sodium potassium pump can maintain a voltage gradient across a cell or neuron's membrane.
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Correction to Sodium and Potassium Pump Video.
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How electrotonic and action potentials propagate down cells.
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How one neuron can stimulate (or inhibit) another neuron at a chemical synapse.
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How myosin and actin interact to produce mechanical force.
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Tropomyosin and troponin and their role in regulating muscle contraction. How calcium ion concentration dictates whether a muscle is contracting or not.
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The role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in controlling calcium ion concentrations within the muscle cell.
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Understanding the structure of a muscle cell.
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Role of phagocytes in innate or nonspecific immunity. Neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. MHC II.
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Overview of types of immune responses. Difference between innate and adaptive immunity. Differences between humoral adaptive immunity and cell-mediated adaptive immunity.
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Overview of B cells (B lymphocytes) and how they are activated and produce antibodies.
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How professional antigen presenting cells present parts of engulfed pathogens on MHC II complexes (major histocompatibility complexes).
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Introduction to helper T cells and their role in activating B cells.
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How cytotoxic T cells get activated by MHC-I/antigen complexes and then proceed to kill infected cells.
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Review of B cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells.
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Overview of the inflammatory response.
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Overview of how the nephrons in the kidney filter blood and reabsorb water and other molecules.
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Secondary Active Transport in the Nephron.
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An introduction to what cancer is and how it is the by-product of broken DNA replication.