Chemistry

Videos on chemistry (roughly covering a first-year high school or college course).

Lectures

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   Lecture 1 - Introduction to the Atom

   The atom, proton, neutron and electron.

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   Lecture 2 - Orbitals

   An introduction to orbitals.

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   Lecture 3 - More on Orbitals and Electron Configuration

   More intuition on orbitals. Touching on electron configuration.

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   Lecture 4 - Electron Configuration 1

   Introduction to using the periodic table to determine electron configuration.

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   Lecture 5 - Electron Configuration 2

   Figuring out configurations for the d-block elements.

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   Lecture 6 - Valence Electrons

   Looking at valence electrons to figure out reactivity.

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   Lecture 7 - Groups of the Periodic Table

   Properties of alkali, alkaline earth and transition metals. Halogens and noble gases.

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   Lecture 8 - Periodic Table Trends: Ionization

   What an ion is. Using the periodic table to understand how difficult it is to ionize an atom.

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   Lecture 9 - Other Periodic Table Trends

   Electronegativity, metallic nature and atomic radius.

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    Lecture 10 - Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Bonds

    Introduction to ionic, covalent, polar covalent and metallic bonds.

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    Lecture 11 - Molecular and Emperical Formulas

    Introduction to molecular and empirical formulas. Calculating molecular mass.

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    Lecture 12 - The Mole and Avogadro's Number

    Introduction to the idea of a mole as a number (vs. an animal).

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    Lecture 13 - Formula From Mass Composition

    Figuring out the empirical formula from a molecules mass composition.

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    Lecture 14 - Another Mass Composition Problem

    Another exercise converting a mass composition to an empirical formula.

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    Lecture 15 - Balancing Chemical Equations

    The art of balancing equations in chemistry!

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    Lecture 16 - Stoichiometry

    Introduction to stoichiometry.

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    Lecture 17 - Stoichiometry: Limiting Reagent

    Stoichiometry problem where we have a limiting reagent!

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    Lecture 18 - Ideal Gas Equation: PV=nRT

    Intuition behind the ideal gas equation: PV=nRT.

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    Lecture 19 - Ideal Gas Equation Example 1

    Figuring out the number of moles of gas we have using the ideal gas equation: PV=nRT.

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    Lecture 20 - Ideal Gas Equation Example 2

    PV/T is a constant. Figuring out the volume of an ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP).

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    Lecture 21 - Ideal Gas Equation Example 3

    Figuring out the mass of Oxygen we have.

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    Lecture 22 - Ideal Gas Equation Example 4

    Figuring out the molar mass of a mystery molecule at STP.

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    Lecture 23 - Partial Pressure

    Figuring out the partial pressures of various gases in a container.

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    Lecture 24 - States of Matter

    Introduction to the states or phases of matter.

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    Lecture 25 - States of Matter Follow-up

    More on Plasma and Hydrogen bonds.

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    Lecture 26 - Specific Heat, Heat of Fusion and Vaporization

    Specifict heat and phase changes: Calculating how much heat is needed to convert 200g of ice at -10C to 110 degree steam.

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    Lecture 27 - Chilling Water Problem

    How much ice at -10 degrees C is necessary to get 500g of water down to 0 degrees C?

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    Lecture 28 - Van Der Waals Forces

    Van Der Waals Forces: London Dispersion Forces, Dipole Attractions, and Hydrogen Bonds.

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    Lecture 29 - Covalent Networks, Metallic, and Ionic Crystals

    Covalent Networks, Metallic, and Ionic Crystals: Some of the strongest molecular structures.

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    Lecture 30 - Vapor Pressure

    Vapor Pressure, Volatility, and Evaporation.

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    Lecture 31 - Suspensions, Colloids and Solutions

    Suspensions, Colloids and Solutions. The difference between Molarity and Molality.

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    Lecture 32 - Solubility

    Solubility of salt and gas solutes in liquid solvent.

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    Lecture 33 - Boiling Point Elevation and Freezing Point Supression

    Raising or lowering the boiling or freezing point of a solution by adding solute.

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    Lecture 34 - Introduction to Kinetics

    Kinetics, activation energy, activated complex and catalysts.

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    Lecture 35 - Reactions in Equilibrium

    Equilibrium reactions and constants.

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    Lecture 36 - Mini-video on Ion Size

    Correcting a mistake and learning a bit about ion size.

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    Lecture 37 - Keq Intuition

    A probabilistic look at how molecules react to develop the intuition behind the equilibrium constant formula.

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    Lecture 38 - Keq Derivation Intuition

    A more concrete attempt at showing how the probabilities of molecules reacting is related to their concentration.

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    Lecture 39 - Heterogenous Equilibrium

    Ignoring the solution or the solid state molecules when calculating the equilibrium constant.

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    Lecture 40 - Le Chatelier's Principle

    Le Chatelier's Principle regarding the "stressing" of reactions in equilibrium.

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    Lecture 41 - Introduction to pH, pOH, and pKw

    Autoionization of water into hydronium and hydroxide ions. pH, pOH, and pKa.

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    Lecture 42 - Acid Base Introduction

    Arrhenius, Bronsted Lowry, and Lewis Acids and Bases.

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    Lecture 43 - pH, pOH of Strong Acids and Bases

    Calculating the pH or pOH of strong acids and bases.

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    Lecture 44 - pH of a Weak Acid

    Calculating the pH of a weak acid.

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    Lecture 45 - pH of a Weak Base

    pH of .2 M of NH3 (weak base).

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    Lecture 46 - Conjugate Acids and Bases

    Introduction to conjugate acids and bases.

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    Lecture 47 - pKa and pKb Relationship

    The pKa and pKb relationship between conjugate acids and bases (both of which are weak).

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    Lecture 48 - Buffers and Hendersen-Hasselbalch

    Buffers and the Hendersen-Hasselbalch equation.

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    Lecture 49 - Strong Acid Titration

    Strong acid titration and equivalence point.

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    Lecture 50 - Weak Acid Titration

    Equivalence point when titrating a weak acid.

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    Lecture 51 - Half Equivalence Point

    Figuring out the pKa of an unknown weak acid from the half equivalence point.

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    Lecture 52 - Titration Roundup

    Making sure you fully understand titration curves.

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    Lecture 53 - Introduction to Oxidation States

    Oxidation and reduction. Oxidation states.

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    Lecture 54 - More on Oxidation States

    More practice calculating oxidation states.

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    Lecture 55 - Hydrogen Peroxide Correction

    Correcting an error in the last video regarding hydrogen peroxide.

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    Lecture 56 - Redox Reactions

    Oxidation reduction (or redox) reactions.

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    Lecture 57 - Galvanic Cells

    Redox reactions to drive Galvanic Cells.

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    Lecture 58 - Types of Decay

    Alpha, Beta, Gamma Decay and Positron Emission.

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    Lecture 59 - Half-Life

    Introduction to half-life.

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    Lecture 60 - Exponential Decay Formula Proof

    Showing that N(t)=Ne^(-kt) describes the amount of a radioactive substance we have at time T. For students with background in Calculus. Not necessary for intro chemistry class.

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    Lecture 61 - Introduction to Exponential Decay

    Introduction to Exponential Decay.

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    Lecture 62 - More Exponential Decay Examples

    A few more examples of exponential decay.

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    Lecture 63 - Macrostates and Microstates

    The difference between macrostates and microstates. Thermodynamic equilibrium.

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    Lecture 64 - Quasistatic and Reversible Processes

    Using theoretically quasi-static and/or reversible processes to stay pretty much at equilibrium.

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    Lecture 65 - First Law of Thermodynamics/Internal Energy

    First law of thermodynamic and Internal Energy.

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    Lecture 66 - More on Internal Energy

    Getting more intuition of internal energy, heat, and work.

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    Lecture 67 - Work from Expansion

    How a system can do work by expanding.

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    Lecture 68 - PV-diagrams and Expansion Work

    Why work from expansion is the area under the curve of a PV-diagram.

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    Lecture 69 - Proof: U=(3/2)PV or U=(3/2)nRT

    Conceptual proof that the internal energy of an ideal gas system is 3/2 PV.

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    Lecture 70 - Work Done by Isothermic Process

    Isothermic and Adiabatic processes. Calculating the work done by an isothermic process. Seeing that it is the same as the heat added.

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    Lecture 71 - Carnot Cycle and Carnot Engine

    Introduction to the Carnot Cycle and Carnot Heat Engine.

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    Lecture 72 - Proof: Volume Ratios in a Carnot Cycle

    Proof of the volume ratios in a Carnot Cycle.

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    Lecture 73 - Proof: S (or Entropy) is a Valid State Variable

    Prroof that S (or entropy) is a valid state variable.

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    Lecture 74 - Thermodynamic Entropy Definition Clarification

    Clarifying that the thermodynamic definition of Entropy requires a reversible system.

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    Lecture 75 - Reconciling Thermodynamic and State Definitions of Entropy

    Long video explaining why entropy is a measure of the number of states a system can take on (mathy, but mind-blowing).

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    Lecture 76 - Entropy Intuition

    A discussion of what entropy is and what it isn't.

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    Lecture 77 - Maxwell's Demon

    Maxwell's Demon: A thought experiment that seems to defy the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.

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    Lecture 78 - More on Energy

    More clarification as to what entropy is and what entropy is not.

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    Lecture 79 - Efficiency of a Carnot Engine

    Definition of efficiency for a heat engine. Efficiency of a Carnot Engine.

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    Lecture 80 - Carnot Efficiency 2: Reversing the Cycle

    Seeing how we can scale and or reverse a Carnot Engine (to make a refrigerator).

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    Lecture 81 - Carnot Efficiency 3: Proving That it is the Most Efficient

    Proving that a Carnot Engine is the most efficient engine.

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    Lecture 82 - Heat of Formation

    Standard heat of formation or standard enthalpy change of formation.

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    Lecture 83 - Hess's Law and Reaction Enthalpy Change

    Using Hess's Law and standard heats of formation to determine the enthalpy change for reactions.

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    Lecture 84 - Gibbs Free Energy and Spontaneity

    Intuition behind why spontaneity is driven by enthalpy, entropy and temperature. Introduction to Gibbs free energy.

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    Lecture 85 - Gibbs Free Energy Example

    Determining if a reaction is spontaneous by calculating the change in Gibbs Free Energy.

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    Lecture 86 - Rigorous Gibbs Free Energy/Spontaneity Relationship

    More formal understanding of why a negative change in Gibbs Free Energy implies a spontaneous, irreversible reaction.

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    Lecture 87 - A Look at a Seductive But Wrong Gibbs/Spontaneity Proof

    A look at why the "proof" of the relation between changes in Gibbs Free Energy and Spontaneity is wrong in many textbooks.

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    Lecture 88 - Stoichiometry Example Problem 1

    Figuring grams of reactants and product produced from reaction of phosphorous and chlorine.

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    Lecture 89 - Stoichiometry Example Problem 2

    Stoichiometry Example Problem 2.

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    Lecture 90 - Limiting Reactant Example Problem 1

    Limiting Reactant Example Problem 1.

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    Lecture 91 - Empirical and Molecular Formulas from Stoichiometry

    Empirical and Molecular Formulas from Stoichiometry.

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    Lecture 92 - Example of Finding Reactant Emperical Formula

    Example of Finding Reactant Empirical Formula.

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    Lecture 93 - Stoichiometry of a Reaction in Solution

    Stoichiometry of a Reaction in Solution.

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    Lecture 94 - Another Stoichiometry Example in a Solution

    Another Stoichiometry Example in a Solution.

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    Lecture 95 - Molecular and Empirical Forumlas from Percent Composition

    Molecular and Empirical Forumlas from Percent Composition. Example 2.9 from Kotz Chemistry book.

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    Lecture 96 - Acid Base Titration

    Using acid-base titration to find mass of oxalic acid.

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    Lecture 97 - Spectrophotometry Introduction

    Spectrophotometry, Transmittance, Absorbance and the Beer-Lambert Law.

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    Lecture 98 - Spectrophotometry Example

    Spectrophotometry Example - Determining concentration based on absorbance.

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    Lecture 99 - Hess's Law Example

    Hess's Law Example.

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     Lecture 100 - Vapor Pressure Example

     Vapor pressure example using the Ideal Gas Law.

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     Lecture 101 - Change of State Example

     Specific Heat Capacity and Enthalpy of Vaporization example.