Yale / Political Science

Mixed Strategies in Baseball, Dating and Paying Your Taxes

By Benjamin Polak | Game Theory Lecture 10 of 24

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Lecture Description

We develop three different interpretations of mixed strategies in various contexts: sport, anti-terrorism strategy, dating, paying taxes and auditing taxpayers. One interpretation is that people literally randomize over their choices. Another is that your mixed strategy represents my belief about what you might do. A third is that the mixed strategy represents the proportions of people playing each pure strategy. Then we discuss some implications of the mixed equilibrium in games; in particular, we look how the equilibrium changes in the tax-compliance/auditor game as we increase the penalty for cheating on your taxes.

Course Description

This course is an introduction to game theory and strategic thinking. Ideas such as dominance, backward induction, Nash equilibrium, evolutionary stability, commitment, credibility, asymmetric information, adverse selection, and signaling are discussed and applied to games played in class and to examples drawn from economics, politics, the movies, and elsewhere.

Related Resources

Lecture Transcript, Reading Assignment, Handouts, and Problem Sets

Course Index

  1. Introduction to Game Theory
  2. Putting Yourselves into Other People's Shoes
  3. Iterative Deletion and the Median-Voter Theorem
  4. Best Responses in Soccer and Business Partnerships
  5. Nash Equilibrium
  6. Nash Equilibrium: Dating and Cournot
  7. Nash Equilibrium: Shopping, Standing and Voting on a Line
  8. Nash Equilibrium: Location, Segregation and Randomization
  9. Mixed Strategies in Theory and Tennis
  10. Mixed Strategies in Baseball, Dating and Paying Your Taxes
  11. Evolutionary Stability: Cooperation, Mutation, and Equilibrium
  12. Evolutionary Stability: Social Convention, Aggression, and Cycles
  13. Sequential Games: Moral Hazard, Incentives, and Hungry Lions
  14. Backward Induction: Commitment, Spies, and First-Mover Advantages
  15. Backward Induction: Chess, Strategies, and Credible Threats
  16. Backward Induction: Reputation and Duels
  17. Backward Induction: Ultimatums and Bargaining
  18. Imperfect Information: Information Sets and Sub-Game Perfection
  19. Subgame Perfect Equilibrium: Matchmaking and Strategic Investments
  20. Subgame Perfect Equilibrium: Wars of Attrition
  21. Repeated Games: Cooperation vs the End Game
  22. Repeated Games: Cheating, Punishment, and Outsourcing
  23. Asymmetric Information: Silence, Signaling and Suffering Education
  24. Asymmetric Information: Auctions and the Winner's Curse
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