Atom Smashers
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The Big Bang created the physical universe. Of course life is part of this physical universe, but the immediate building blocks of life are chemicals. Before the Big Bang, words such as “time” had no meaning, but even in the first few minutes there could be no chemistry since there were no atoms. The nuclei of some of the lighter elements formed within minutes, atoms some time later, and elements heavier than lithium were forged in the sup...more
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What an ion is. Using the periodic table to understand how difficult it is to ionize an atom.
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Professor Sylvia Ceyer focuses on the hydrogen atom, beginning with a discussion of electron binding energy to the nucleus. Other topics covered are verification of energy levels for the H atom (including photon emission, transitions between states, and photon emission) as well as the wavefunctions for an H atom. The stations state wavefunction is explained and the three quantum numbers used to describe a wave in 3D – principle quantum ...more
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Professor Sylvia Ceyer highlights the hydrogen atom wavefunctions, including orbitals and degeneracy. The shapes of an H atom orbitals are then explained, including probability density, radial probability distribution, s wavefunctions, and radial nodes. The lecture concludes with Bohr's Model and the Uncertainty Principle.
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Structure of the Atom: A Conundrum. The work of E. Rutherford, 1911, lead to the discovery of the nucleus. In this lecture, Professor Sylvia Ceyer begins by explaining the backscattering experiment that lead to this key discovery in the early 20th century. She then moves on to a classical description of the atom, including coulombic interaction and the classical equation of motion (Newton's Second Law). The lecture ends with discussion ...more
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Continuing the discussion of Lewis structures and chemical forces from the previous lecture, Professor McBride introduces the double-well potential of the ozone molecule and its structural equilibrium. The inability for inverse-square force laws to account for stable arrangements of charged particles is prescribed by Earnshaw's Theorem, which may be visualized by means of lines of force. J.J. Thomson circumvented Earnshaw's prohibition on ...more
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In addition to the basic concepts of Electromagnetism, a vast variety of interesting topics are covered in this course: Lightning, Pacemakers, Electric Shock Treatment, Electrocardiograms, Metal Detectors, Musical Instruments, Magnetic Levitation, Bullet Trains, Electric Motors, Radios, TV, Car Coils, Superconductivity, Aurora Borealis, Rainbows, Radio Telescopes, Interferometers, Particle Accelerators (a.k.a. Atom Smashers or Colliders), ...more
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The atom, proton, neutron and electron.
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This lecture begins by applying the united-atom "plum-pudding" view of molecular orbitals, introduced in the previous lecture, to more complex molecules. It then introduces the more utilitarian concept of localized pairwise bonding between atoms. Formulating an atom-pair molecular orbital as the sum of atomic orbitals creates an electron difference density through the cross product that enters upon squaring a sum. This "overlap" term is th...more
