Particle Accelerators
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This lecture is an introduction to kinematics which ultimately leads (in Lecture 4) to trajectories in three-dimensions. Professor Lewin begins with a description of one-dimensional motion of a particle. He talks about average velocity, the importance of + and - signs, and our free choice of origin. He moves into a conversation about average speed vs. average velocity, instantaneous velocity (reviewing when velocity is zero,...more
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August 3, 2006 presentation by Uwe Bergmann for the Stanford University Office of Science Outreach's Summer Science Lecture Series. Uwe Bergman, Physicist at the Stanford Linear Accelerator takes the viewer on a journey of a 1,000 year old parchment from its origin in the Mediterranean city of Constantinople to a particle accelerator in Menlo Park.
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Professor Shankar introduces the course and answers student questions about the material and the requirements. He gives an overview of Newtonian mechanics and explains its two components: kinematics and dynamics. He then reviews basic concepts in calculus through two key equations: x0 + v0t + ½ at2 and v2 = v02+ 2 a (x-x0), tracing the fate of a particle in one dimension along the x-axis.
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Structure of the Atom: A Conundrum. The work of E. Rutherford, 1911, lead to the discovery of the nucleus. In this lecture, Professor Sylvia Ceyer begins by explaining the backscattering experiment that lead to this key discovery in the early 20th century. She then moves on to a classical description of the atom, including coulombic interaction and the classical equation of motion (Newton's Second Law). The lecture ends with discussion...more
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This Stanford Continuing Studies course is a six-quarter sequence of classes exploring the essential theoretical foundations of modern physics. The topics covered in this course focus on classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, the general and special theories of relativity, electromagnatism, cosmology, black holes and statistical mechanics. While these courses build upon one another, each section of the course also stands on its own, and...more
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The discussion of four-vector in relativity continues but this time the focus is on the energy-momentum of a particle. The invariance of the energy-momentum four-vector is due to the fact that rest mass of a particle is invariant under coordinate transformations.
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Using line integrals to find the work done on a particle moving through a vector field.
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In this lecture Professor Sylvia Ceyer moves on from the wavelike properties of light, to the particle-like nature of light. To do so she covers the photoelectric effect in detail, discussing threshold frequency and kinetic energy vs. frequency. Planck's constant is discussed. The lectures concludes with a discussion of photon momentum and its relation to wavelength.
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In addition to the basic concepts of Electromagnetism, a vast variety of interesting topics are covered in this course: Lightning, Pacemakers, Electric Shock Treatment, Electrocardiograms, Metal Detectors, Musical Instruments, Magnetic Levitation, Bullet Trains, Electric Motors, Radios, TV, Car Coils, Superconductivity, Aurora Borealis, Rainbows, Radio Telescopes, Interferometers, Particle Accelerators (a.k.a. Atom Smashers or Colliders),...more
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Sequential Convex Programming, Methods For Nonconvex Optimization Problems, Sequential Convex Programming (SCP), Basic Idea Of SCP, Trust Region, Affine And Convex Approximations Via Taylor Expansions, Particle Method, Fitting Affine Or Quadratic Functions To Data, Quasi-Linearization, Example (Nonconvex QP), Lower Bound Via Lagrange Dual, Exact Penalty Formulation, Trust Region Update, Nonlinear Optimal Control, Discretization, SCP...more
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This lecture is devoted to discussion of the wonderful Quantum world. Classical Mechanics, in spite of all of its impressive predictive power, fails to explain many microscopic behaviors. This led to the development of Quantum Mechanics, where electrons orbit nuclei in discrete energy levels, light can behave as a particle, and particles behave as waves. The location of microscopic particles can only be expressed in terms of...more
