atomic order
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This lecture traces the development of elemental analysis as a technique for the determination of the composition of organic compounds beginning with Lavoisier's early combustion and fermentation experiments, which showed a new, if naïve, attitude toward handling experimental data. Dalton's atomic theory was consistent with the empirical laws of definite, equivalent, and multiple proportions. The basis of our current notation and of precis...more
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This lecture begins by applying the united-atom "plum-pudding" view of molecular orbitals, introduced in the previous lecture, to more complex molecules. It then introduces the more utilitarian concept of localized pairwise bonding between atoms. Formulating an atom-pair molecular orbital as the sum of atomic orbitals creates an electron difference density through the cross product that enters upon squaring a sum. This "overlap" term is th...more
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Professor Sylvia Ceyer covers the molecular orbital theory, beginning with a discussion of some key topics including bonding orbitals, antibonding orbitals, electron configurations, and bond order. Using a wealth of examples to depict molecular orbitals (MOs) formed by the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO), she concludes with heteronuclear diatomics.
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Introduction to first order homogenous equations.
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This lecture asks whether it is possible to confirm the reality of bonds by seeing or feeling them. It first describes the work of "clairvoyant" charlatans from the beginning of the twentieth century, who claimed to "see" details of atomic and molecular structure, in order to discuss proper bases for scientific belief. It then shows that the molecular scale is not inconceivably small, and that Newton and Franklin performed simple experimen...more
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Another example of using substitution to solve a first order homogeneous differential equations.
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In this introductory lecture, Professor Sylvia Ceyer introduces those throughout history who have contributed to the atomic theory of matter, beginning with Aristotle and Democritus, and ending with the work of Lavoisier, Proust, and Dalton. After disussing scanning tunnelling microscopy, Professor Ceyer moves to the major advances in chemistry at the end of the 19th century. These include Newtonian mechanics, thermodynamices, statistical...more
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Order of Operations.
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Professor Sylvia Ceyer discusses the rates of chemical reactions, factors affecting rates of reactions, measuring reaction rates, and common rate expressions. The discussion then moves to the rate laws and highlights the order of reaction in reactants/products, overall reaction order, units for k, and integrated rate laws (specifically, first order half-life).
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In order to understand “where we come from”, we must understand the evolutionary history of life, and in order to understand that, we must understand the physical history of the earth, and in order to understand that, we must understand its history in the solar system, and in order to understand that….you get the idea. So, to start the course we will go all the way back to the origin of the universe. At the time of the Big Bang, words ...more
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