chemical bonding
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This lecture continues the discussion of the HOMO/LUMO view of chemical reactivity by focusing on ways of recognizing whether a particular HOMO should be unusually high in energy (basic), or a particular LUMO should be unusually low (acidic). The approach is illustrated with BH3, which is both acidic and basic and thus dimerizes by forming unusual "Y" bonds. The low LUMOs that make both HF and CH3F acidic are analyzed and compared underlin...more
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After mentioning some legal implications of chirality, the discussion of configuration concludes using esomeprazole as an example of three general methods for producing single enantiomers. Conformational isomerism is more subtle because isomers differ only by rotation about single bonds, which requires careful physico-chemical consideration of energies and their relation to equilibrium and rate constants. Conformations have their own notat...more
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Pharmacokinetics: Modeling Drug Delivery in the Human Body
Stanford / Engineering (Except Electrical)
Professor Channing Robertson of the Stanford University Chemical Engineering Department discusses pharmacokinetics by using a virtual human body as a model.
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After showing how a double-minimum potential generates one-dimensional bonding, Professor McBride moves on to multi-dimensional wave functions. Solving Schrödinger's three-dimensional differential equation might have been daunting, but it was not, because the necessary formulas had been worked out more than a century earlier in connection with acoustics. Acoustical "Chladni" figures show how nodal patterns relate to frequencies. The analog...more
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Professor McBride uses this lecture to show that covalent bonding depends primarily on two factors: orbital overlap and energy-match. First he discusses how overlap depends on hybridization; then how bond strength depends on the number of shared electrons. In this way quantum mechanics shows that Coulomb's law answers Newton's query about what "makes the Particles of Bodies stick together by very strong Attractions." Energy mismatch betwee...more
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This lecture begins a series describing the development of organic chemistry in chronological order, beginning with the father of modern chemistry, Lavoisier. The focus is to understand the logic of the development of modern theory, technique and nomenclature so as to use them more effectively. Chemistry begins before Lavoisier's "Chemical Revolution," with the practice of ancient technology and alchemy, and with discoveries like those of ...more
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Professor Sylvia Ceyer continues her discussion on chemical equilibrium and external effects such as a change in volume, adding inert gas, and a change in temperature. Parameters are set for maximizing the yield of a reaction, and the Principle of Le Chatelier's is returned to. Hemoglobin is used as an example involved in a series of equilibrium reactions in response to oxygen pressure.
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Professor Channing Robertson of the Stanford University Chemical Engineering Department discusses conduction and convection in association with a heat exchanger, as well as the actual design of the heat exchanger.
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Professor Channing Robertson of the Stanford University Chemical Engineering Department discusses the functioning of the kidney, focusing upon the single nephron glomeruli filtration rate, SNGFR.
