demographic change
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What happens when we change the discount rate?
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Reliable records of influenza, dating back to the 1700s, suggest a pattern of one major pandemic every century. Among the pandemics for which there is solid documentary evidence, the outbreak of 1918-1920 is by far the greatest. The so-called Spanish Lady caused somewhere between 25 and 100 million deaths worldwide. It is distinctive both for its high mortality rate, in comparison to other flu pandemics, and for its unusual demographic eff...more
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In this lecture, Professor Lewin covers the rate of change in angular momentum through the use of rolling motion and gyroscopes. When you apply a torque to a fast spinning wheel, it moves the spin angular momentum in the direction of the torque (torque is a vector). This is called precession. A suitcase is brought in that requires special handling. There is a fast rotating flywheel inside! A student volunteers to carry the suitcase around....more
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Surromed had to change their business plan due to two reasons, says Ringold: 1) External climate 2) Lack of potential partner interest. All good startups will adapt the business plan in their life, he notes. For example, Surromed shifted to a product revenue generating model. They started to provide a service to make money which they could invest in their own discoveries. The company moved from generating equity capital to generating revenue.
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Neutral evolution occurs when genes do not experience natural selection because they have no effect on reproductive success. Neutrality arises when mutations in an organism's genotype cause no change in its phenotype, or when changes in the genotype bring about changes in the phenotype that do not affect reproductive success. Because neutral genes do not change in any particular direction over time and simply "drift," thanks in part to the...more
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Pharmaceutical Companies: Challenges in Developing New Therapeutic Products
Stanford / Entrepreneurship
Ringold talks about how the pharmaceutical industry is built on failure and inefficiency and has a small success rate. This recognition led to Surromed. The low success rate is driving the consolidation of companies, which is giving rise to mega players. Now a blockbuster product has to be a multibillion product. This can only change with a change in the processes it uses. New biotech companies are starving for funding and cash, he notes.
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China's early demographic history is similar to that of Europe; population grows only slowly due to war, disease and Malthusian resource limitation. Later, introduction of American foods allowed cultivated land to expand, but population expanded even more rapidly, leading to an extremely dense, but poor population. During this time, female infanticide was frequent, but almost all surviving girls got married. Within marriage, their fertilit...more
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The advertiser doesn't care what media property they're buying online; they simply want to reach their demographic. Yahoo! President Sue Decker explains how the company did not make the most of its competitive advantage to bring the customer to the right ads and how they were late to measure their advertising's effectiveness. Decker further explains how the company is changing its capabilities today, and improving its speed of delivering a...more
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The momentum of individual objects can change in a variety of ways. Professor Lewin covers a number of topics in this lecture, including impulse and thrust. An analogy is drawn between the force felt by the target of a tomato thrower, the reaction force felt by the thrower, and the propulsion (thrust) of a rocket.
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Tarun Khanna, Professor at Harvard Business School, speaks about the incredible change in aspirations among young people in India. Whereas in the past young people aspired to become government officials, today they aspire to become entrepreneurs and lift themselves out of poverty by their own actions. Khanna reflects that this change in attitudes is inspiring and very good for the country.
