electronic structure
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The Epistle of Jude can be dated to somewhere during post-apostolic Christianity and before the formation of the Canon. It refers to the apostles as representing a prior generation, yet it quotes from texts later excluded (perhaps, for example, by 2 Peter) from the Canon. The letters of Ignatius of Antioch contain evidence of a move toward the institutionalization of early Christianity. It mentions, for example, three different church offi...more
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Continuing the discussion of Lewis structures and chemical forces from the previous lecture, Professor McBride introduces the double-well potential of the ozone molecule and its structural equilibrium. The inability for inverse-square force laws to account for stable arrangements of charged particles is prescribed by Earnshaw's Theorem, which may be visualized by means of lines of force. J.J. Thomson circumvented Earnshaw's prohibition on ...more
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Professor Shapiro explains the format and structure of the class during this opening session. He reviews the syllabus, and asks the central question of the course: What makes a government legitimate? He briefly explains the five ways to answer this question that he will focus on throughout the semester. The first three traditions are those of the Enlightenment: utilitarianism, Marxism, and social contract theory. The fourth and fifth overa...more
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Structure of the Atom: A Conundrum. The work of E. Rutherford, 1911, lead to the discovery of the nucleus. In this lecture, Professor Sylvia Ceyer begins by explaining the backscattering experiment that lead to this key discovery in the early 20th century. She then moves on to a classical description of the atom, including coulombic interaction and the classical equation of motion (Newton's Second Law). The lecture ends with discussion ...more
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C/C++ Data Types - Interpretations, Sizes, Bits- How Bytes are Broken Up into Bits, Breaking Up a Character's Decimal Value into its Underlying Bit Structure, Shorts - Interpreting Data that Consists of More Than One Byte, Representations of Negative Numbers, The Sign Bit, Two's Complement Addition, Converting Between Chars and Shorts, How the Bit Representation is Transferred, Converting Between ints and shorts, Sign Extending During Conv...more
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The war saw a transformation of politics at both elite and popular level. This led to the Liberals being replaced by Labour as the main party of the Left. The last purely Liberal government came to an end in 1915. The inter-war leaders, Stanley Baldwin and Ramsay MacDonald, sought to continue the mission of liberalism by civilizing the state. Yet Britain's industrial structure remained geared to the past rather than the future, and ...more
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It is important that chemists agree on notation and nomenclature in order to communicate molecular constitution and configuration. It is best when a diagram is as faithful as possible to the 3-dimensional shape of a molecule, but the conventional Fischer projection, which has been indispensable in understanding sugar configurations for over a century, involves highly distorted bonds. Ambiguity in diagrams or words has led to multibillion-d...more
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This lecture asks whether it is possible to confirm the reality of bonds by seeing or feeling them. It first describes the work of "clairvoyant" charlatans from the beginning of the twentieth century, who claimed to "see" details of atomic and molecular structure, in order to discuss proper bases for scientific belief. It then shows that the molecular scale is not inconceivably small, and that Newton and Franklin performed simple experimen...more
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In this lecture, Professor Diamond continues her discussion of the integumentary system. She describes the layers, including the epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis. After illustrating the cellular structure of the skin, she describes various types of skin cancer, where they occur, and how severe they are. In this final lecture, Professor Diamond then conducts a review of the course content covered to date in an interactive quiz s...more
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Musk talks about the common themes between zip2 and PayPal. Both companies had software and internet technology at the heart, were in Palo Alto, CA, took similar approach to growing (building small talented teams), and had a typical silicon valley flat structure. These companies did not worry too much about IP and paperwork - they were focused on building a great product. Often it is better to pick a path and do it than to vacillate on whi...more
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Rick Wallace shares his experience of being tasked with figuring out how to sell multiple machines per fab. He describes how his boss took away his major constraints, time and money, and incented him to take a risk. He has used a similar structure several times within the company to create an entrepreneurial and risk-taking environment within a large multi-billion dollar company.
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In the undisputed Pauline epistles, marriage is seen as a way to extirpate sexual desire - neither as a means for procreation nor as the preferred social status. The Pastoral Epistles, written to instruct in the pastoring of churches and appointing of church offices, presents quite un-Pauline attitudes. In the Pastoral Epistles, the church, rather than an ecclesia, becomes a household, a specifically patriarchal structure in which men hold...more
