Mass
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This lecture begins a series describing the development of organic chemistry in chronological order, beginning with the father of modern chemistry, Lavoisier. The focus is to understand the logic of the development of modern theory, technique and nomenclature so as to use them more effectively. Chemistry begins before Lavoisier's "Chemical Revolution," with the practice of ancient technology and alchemy, and with discoveries like those of...more
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After discussing the statistical basis of the law of mass action, the lecture turns to developing a framework for understanding reaction rates. A potential energy surface that associates energy with polyatomic geometry can be realized physically for a linear, triatomic system, but it is more practical to use collective energies for starting material, transition state, and product, together with Eyring theory, to predict rates....more
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Geology and climate have shaped the development of life tremendously. This has occurred in the form of processes such as the oxygenation of the atmosphere, mass extinctions, tectonic drift, and disasters such as floods and volcanic eruptions. Life, particularly bacteria, has also been able to impact the geological makeup of the planet through metabolic processes.
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Professor Channing Robertson of the Stanford University Chemical Engineering Department discusses balancing equations and the conservation of mass in relation to process design.
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Systemic risks of credit default swaps. Financial weapons of mass destruction.
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Intuition behind the motion of a mass on a spring (some calculus near the end).
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Momentum and its conservation during collisions is introduced. Kinetic energy can decrease or increase during collisions. When kinetic energy is conserved, we call it an elastic collision. The momentum vector, internal forces, external forces and the conservation of momentum are discussed. Professor Lewin does some air track experiments where the released energy is from a compressed spring; kinetic energy increases but momentum is...more
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Static equilibrium is covered in this lecture, achieved only when the net external force AND net external torque on an object are both zero. A ladder leaning against the wall is analyzed to determine the minimum angle it can make with the floor without sliding. Professor Lewin continues with the topic by discussing how to locate the center of mass of a rigid body. The center of mass always lines up below the point of suspenson such that...more
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This lecture is all about Newton's First (inertia), Second (F=ma) and Third (action=-reaction) Laws. He builds on past discussion of vector forces, moving on to decompose forces in the x and y directions. As the class comes to an end, Professor Lewin ends with a bizarre demo involving two identical strings, one suspending a mass, the other suspending from the mass. Which one breaks when you pull on the lower string, the upper string or...more
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The focus of the lecture is simple harmonic motion. Professor Shankar gives several examples of physical systems, such as a mass M attached to a spring, and explains what happens when such systems are disturbed. Amplitude, frequency and period of simple harmonic motion are also defined in the course of the lecture. Several problems are solved in order to demonstrate various cases of oscillation.
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In addition to the basic concepts of Electromagnetism, a vast variety of interesting topics are covered in this course: Lightning, Pacemakers, Electric Shock Treatment, Electrocardiograms, Metal Detectors, Musical Instruments, Magnetic Levitation, Bullet Trains, Electric Motors, Radios, TV, Car Coils, Superconductivity, Aurora Borealis, Rainbows, Radio Telescopes, Interferometers, Particle Accelerators (a.k.a. Atom Smashers or Colliders),...more
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Professor McBride expands on the recently introduced concept of the wave function by illustrating the relationship of the magnitude of the curvature of the wave function to the kinetic energy of the system, as well as the relationship of the square of the wave function to the electron probability density. The requirement that the wave function not diverge in areas of negative kinetic energy leads to only certain energies being allowed, a...more
